Oil Industry Conversion

OIL INDUSTRY CONVERSIONS

1. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OIL

a) VOLUME

b) WEIGHT

2. PETROLEUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY VOLUME PER TON

3. POWER AND HEAT UNITS

4. LIQUEFIED METHANE

5. PRODUCT SPECIFIC GRAVITY RANGES

6. CALORIFIC VALUE OF FULES

7. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPORT STREAMS

8. PRESSURE

9. HEAT AND ENERGY

10. INTERFUEL CONVERSION FACTOR

11. CALORIFIC VALUE

12. ENERGY VALUES

13. NATURAL GAS AND OTHER ENERGY EQUIVALENTS

14. Natural Gas: Cubic Metre Equivalents

15. Natural Gas: Cubic Foot Equivalents

16. LNG: Volumetric Equivalents

17. LPG & Ethane: Weight, Volume, Heat Conversions

18. Natural Gas: Inter-Fuel Price Equivalents (US Currency)

19. Oil and Coal Equivalent

OIL INDUSTRY CONVERSIONS

Crude petroleum, and the refined products made from crude oil, are normally measured either by volume in gallons and US barrels, or by weight in tons or tonnes. The relationship between volume and weight is usually measured by density in the United Kingdom (the alternative measure is relative density or specific gravity). American oilmen usually reckon quantities of oil produced, moved or processed in barrels per day (bpd or b/d). The loose but simple rule of thumb for conversion is that a barrel a day is roughly 50 tonnes a year, but the relationship varies according to density and so according to product.

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OIL

At 86°F (30°C)

Approximation

Product

Liters

per

E.ton

Liters

per

M.Ton

A.Gallons

per

M.Ton

A. Barrels

per

M.Ton

L.P.G

JP.4

Jet A-1

Premium

Regular

Kerosene

Gas Oil

Diesel Fuel

Fuel oil 80 CST

Fuel oil 180 CST

Fuel oil 230 CST

Fuel oil 280 CST

Bitumen

1,864

1,355

1,274

1,375

1,440

1,293

1,197

1,177

1,082

1,067

1,064

1,061

994

1,835

1,333

1,254

1,353

1,418

1,273

1,177

1,159

1,065

1,050

1,047

1,044

979

484.6

352.4

331.2

357.5

374.5

336.2

311.2

306.1

281.2

277.4

276.6

275.9

258.5

11.54

8.39

7.89

8.51

8.92

8.00

7.41

7.29

6.70

6.60

6.59

6.57

6.15

1 MMSCF of natural gas = 172.3 barrels of crude oil equivalent

= 365 x 1,000,000 scf

1 million cu.ft. of natural gas = 18.91 tons liquid

= 1598.69 cu.ft.liquid

1 std.cu.feet of natural gas = 1000 BTU = 252 kilocalories

1 m.ton of coal = 4.879 barrels of crude oil equivalent

1 m.ton of lignite = 2.053 barrels of crude oil equivalent

1 ltr of fuel oil 1500 sec = 38.9 cubic feet of natural gas

1 kg of LPG = 47.0 cubic feet of natural gas

1 normal cu.m. per day (Nm³/d) = 37.33 standard cu.ft. per day (SCFD)

[flow rate of gas]

1 ton of LNG (LNG conversions) = 1.14 1.4 x 10³ normal cu.m.natural gas (Nm³)

= 52.3 x 10³ standard cubic feet natural gas (SCF)

= 55.0 x 10⁹ joules (HHV)

1 ton of LNG (energy equivalents) = 1.22 tonne crude oil

= 0.80 tonne heavy fuel oil

= 0.91 tonne LPG (commercial composition)

= 1.91 tonne coal

1 barrel per day (b/d) = 50 tonnes per year (approx.)

1 barrel of oil equivalent = 1 barrel of crude oil

= 5,487 cubic feet of gas *

* Natural gas is converted to barrels of oil equivalent using a ratio of 5,487 cubic feet of natural gas per one barrel of crude oil. This ratio is based on the actual average equivalent energy content of TOTAL's natural gas reserves.

1 barrel of crude oil per day = appr. 50 tons of crude oil per year

1 ton of crude oil = 1 metric ton of crude oil

= appr. 7.3 barrels of crude oil (assuming

a specific gravity of 33 API)

= 6.6-8.0 bbl. of crude oil with 7.333 bbl.

taken as average

= 1.16 kl. of crude oil (average)

1 ton of oil equivalent = appr. 1,125 cubic meters of natural gas

MMSCF Million standard cubic feet

CST Centi-Stroke

A American

E English

VOLUME

1 American barrel = 158.984 liters

= 42 American (US) gallons

= 34.9726 Imperial (UK) gallons

= 5.6146 cubic feet

= 0.15899 cubic metre

= 3.78541 cubic decimeters (dm³)

= 0.136 tonne (approx)

1 American gallon = 231 cubic inches

= 0.133681 cubic foot

= 3.7854 liters

= 0.0238095 American barrel

= 0.83268 Imperial gallon

= 0.0037854 cubic meter

1 Imperial gallon = 277.42 cubic inches

= 1.20094 American gallons

= 4.54609 liters

= 0.028594 American barrel

= 0.160544 cubic foot

= 0.004561 cubic meter

1 liter = 1,000 cubic centimeters

= 1 cubic decimeter (dm³)

= 0.035314 cubic foot

= 61.024 cubic inches

= 1.7597 pints

= 0.219969 Imperial gallon

= 0.26417 American gallon

1 kiloliter = 1,000 cubic decimeters (dm³)

= 6.28981 American barrels

1 gross ton = 100 cubic feet or 2.83 cubic metres of

(shipping) permanently enclosed space

1 cubic meter = 35.315 cubic feet

= 219.97 Imperial gallons

= 1,000 liters

= 6.2898 American barrels

= 264.17 American gallons

WEIGHT

1 oz = 28.35 grams

1 lb = 0.453592 kilograms

= 0.009 cwt.

1 kg = 2.20462 lb.

= 0.01 quintal

1 cwt = 112 lb.

= 50.802 kg.

1 metric ton = 0.98421 long ton or English ton

= 1.10231 short ton

= 2,204.6 lb

1 English ton or = 1.01605 metric tons

long ton = 1.12 short tons

1 short ton = 0.907186 metric ton

= 0.892857 long ton

= 2,000 lb.

· These conversions are based on the assumption that all weights are weights in air, which is the correct basis for computing bulk commercial quantities of petroleum.

PRICE 1 US cent/AG = 0.42 US$/BBL

1 US$/BBL = 0.163 Baht/Liters

(Based on exchange rate of 25.9 Baht/US$)

PETROLEUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY VOLUME PER TON

Degree

API

Specific

gravity

Barrels *

per metric

tonne

Long tonne

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

0.904

0.898

0.893

0.887

0.882

0.876

0.871

0.865

0.860

0.855

0.850

0.845

0.840

0.835

0.830

0.825

0.820

0.816

6.98

7.02

7.06

7.10

7.15

7.19

7.24

7.28

7.33

7.37

7.42

7.46

7.51

7.55

7.60

7.64

7.69

7.73

7.09

7.13

7.18

7.22

7.27

7.31

7.36

7.40

7.45

7.49

7.54

7.58

7.63

7.67

7.72

7.76

7.81

7.85

· Approx. figures 60°F

141.5

Specific gravity = ------------------

131.5 + °API

POWER AND HEAT UNITS

1 HP (UK Horsepower) = 550 foot pounds per second

= 0.7457 kilowatt

= 1.014 PS (or Cheval Vapeur)

1 PS (Pferdestaerke) = 542 foot pounds per second

or CV (Cheval Vapeur) = 0.986 hp

= 0.736 kW

1 kW (Kilowatt) = 1,000 watts

= 1,340 hp

= 1.359 PS or CV

= 737 foot pounds per second

1 foot pound per second = 0.00136 kilowatt

= 0.00182 hp

= 0.00184 PS or CV

1000 Btu = 0.293 kWh

100,000 Btu = 1 therm

1 calorie (dieticians') = 4.1855 kilojoules

1 Therm = 100,000 Btu (British Thermal Units)

= 25,200 kilocalories

= 25.2 thermies

= 29.3 kilowatt hours

1000 kilocalories = 3,968 Btu

(Large Calories) = 1.163 kilowatt hours

= 1 thermie

1 kilowatt hour = 3,411 Btu

= 1.340 hp hours

= 859.6 kilocalories

LIQUEFIED METHANE

1 Ton of Liquefied = approximately 16 barrels

Methane = approximately 50,000 cubic feet

(1400 cubic meters) of natural gas,

depending on methane content

PRODUCT SPECIFIC GRAVITY RANGES

Spec. Barrels per

Gravity metric ton

Crude oils 0.80-0.97 8.0-6.6

Aviation gasolines 0.70-0.78 9.1-8.2

Motor gasolines 0.71-0.79 9.0-8.1

Kerosines 0.78-0.84 8.2-7.6

Gas oils 0.82-0.90 7.8-7.1

Diesel oils 0.82-0.92 7.8-6.9

Lubricating oils 0.85-0.95 7.5-6.7

Fuel oils 0.92-0.99 6.9-6.5

Asphaltic bitumens 1.00-1.10 6.4-5.8

CALORIFIC VALUE OF FULES

Rough gross values in Btu per lb

Crude oils 18,300-19,500

Gasolines 20,500

Kerosines 19,800

Benzole 18,100

Ethyl alcohol 11,600

Gas oils 19,200

Fuel oils (bunker) 18,300

Coal (bituminous) 10,200-14,600

LNG 22,300

LPG (butane) 21,300

TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPORT STREAMS

MIRI Bintulu Labuan

API Gravity 33° 35° 32°

Pour Point 45°F 15°F 45°F

Wt. % Sulphur 0.07 0.1 0.07

PRESSURE

1 Bar = 0.987 atmospheres

= 750.1 mm Hg

= 14.50 pound/sq inch

= 1.020 kg force/sq cm

1 kg force/sq cm = 14.22 pounds/sq inch

1 pound/sq inch = 0.070 kg force/sq inch

HEAT AND ENERGY

1 megajoule = 238.8 kilocalories

= 947.8 British Thermal Units

= 0.278 kilowatt hours

1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe

1 kilocalorie = 3.968 Btu

= 4186 joules

= 1.163 x 10^-3 kWh

1 kilowatt hour = 859.8 kilocalories

= 3412 Btu

1 million Btu = 1055 megajoule

= 2520 megacalories

= 293.1 kilowatt hours

1 ton of oil equivalent = 10000000 kilocalories

(toe) = 41.868 gigajoules

= 40.047 x 10⁶ BTU

= 42.244 GJ

INTERFUEL CONVERSION FACTOR

Whilst individual crudes, coals and gases vary widely in quality, certain standard qualities are often assumed for statistical purposes:

Reference Barrel Oil Ton Oil Ton Coal 1,000 Cubic

Fuel Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Feet Natural

Gas

Calorific 5.8x10⁶ 43x10⁶ 7x10⁶ 1x10⁶

Value Btu gross Btu gross Kcal net Btu gross

Conversion 1 0.14 0.21 5.8

Factors 7.41 1 1.57 43.0

4.71 0.64 1 27.3

0.17 0.02 0.04 1

Based on these qualities, the following equivalent rates of consumption can be used with reasonable accuracy:

LNG NG OIL OIL COAL

t/y 10⁶ mmcF/d toe/y boe/y tce/y

10⁹ Nm³/y

1 1.41 1.22 25 1.9

0.71 1 0.87 18 39

0.82 1.15 1 20 1.55

0.04 0.056 0.049 1 0.076

0.53 0.74 0.64 13 1

CALORIFIC VALUE

1 magajoule/cu m = 25.84 Btu/cu ft

1 megajoule per normal = 25.368 BTU per standard cubic feet

cubic meter (BTU/SCF)

= 2.388 x 10² kilocalorie per normal

cubic meter (kcal/Nm³)

1 kilocalorie/cu m = 0.016 Btu/cu ft

1 megajoule/kg = 429.9 Btu/pound

1 kilocalorie = 1.8 Btu/pound (exact)

1 Btu/cu ft = 37.38 kilojoules/cu m

= 9.410 kilocalories/cu m

1 Btu/pound = 2.326 kilojoules/kg

= 0.556 kilocalories/kg

ENERGY VALUES

Btu per lb:

wood: green 4,400

dry 7,310

peat, sod 6,200

lignite 9,000

coke 12,100

coal: bituminous 13,000

anthracite 14,500

oil: fuel 18,500

gas 19,500

NATURAL GAS AND OTHER ENERGY EQUIVALENTS

The following are quick-reference equivalents. All figures are APROXIMATE VALUES only for use where precision is not required. They are based on:

(i) for natural gas:

1,000 Btu/ft³ = 9,500 kcal/m³ (Groningen gas 8,400 kcal/m³)

(ii) for LPG:

an assumed 50/50 propane/butane mixture with (r) or (p) indicating

that the LPG is either refrigerated or pressurised.

(iii) calorific values, MMBtu (gross):

per tonne - LNG 51.8; LPG 47.3; oil 42.3; coal 27.3

per barrel - LNG 3.8; LPG (r) 4.45; LPG (p) 4.1; oil 5.8

per cubic metre - LNG 23.8; LPG (r) 28; LPG (p) 25.8

Natural Gas: Cubic Metre Equivalents

1 mrd m³ Natural Gas per Year

per year = 0.04 Tcf gas (38 trillion Btu)

= 890 000 tonnes oil

= 800 000 tonnes LPG

= 725 000 tonnes LNG

= 1.4 million tonnes coal

per day = 100 million ft3 gas

= 17 800 barrels oil

= 23 200 barrels LPG (r)

= 25 200 barrels LPG (p)

= 27 200 barrels LNG

1 million m³ Natural Gas per Day

per year = 0.014 Tcf gas (14 trillion Btu)

= 325 000 tonnes oil

= 290 000 tonnes LPG

= 265 000 tonnes LNG

= 500 000 tonnes coal

per day = 37 million ft3 gas

= 6 500 barrels oil

= 8 500 barrels LPG (r)

= 9 200 barrels LPG (p)

= 9 900 barrels LNG

1 m³ Groningen gas = 0.88 m³ (9 500 kcal)

1 m³ (9 500 kcal) = 1.13 m³ Groningen gas

Natural Gas: Cubic Foot Equivalents

1 Tcf Natural Gas per Year

per year = 27 mrd m³ gas (30 mrd Groningen)

= 24 million tonnes oil

= 37 million tonnes coal

per day = 2 700 million ft³ gas

= 470 000 barrels oil

100 MMcf Natural Gas per Day

per year = 0.04 Tcf (37 trillion Btu)

= 1 mrd m³ gas (1.1 mrd Groningen)

= 860 000 tonnes oil

= 770 000 tonnes LPG

= 700 000 tonnes LNG

= 1.35 million tonnes coal

per day = 2.7 million m³ gas (3 million Groningen)

= 17 250 barrels oil

= 22 500 barrels LPG (r)

= 24 400 barrels LPG (p)

= 26 300 barrels LNG

LNG: Volumetric Equivalents

1 million tonnes LNG per Year

per year = 77 million ft³ (liquid)

= 2.2 million m³ (liquid)

= 14 million barrels (liquid)

= 0.05 Tcf (gas)

= 1.4 mrd m³ (gas)

= 1.1 million tonnes LPG

= 1.2 million tonnes oil

= 52 trillion Btu

= 1.9 million tonnes coal

per day = 140 million ft³ (gas)

= 4 million m³ (gas)

= 37 500 barrels LNG

= 31 900 barrels LPG (r)

= 34 600 barrels LPG (p)

= 24 500 barrels oil

1 million m³ LNG per Year

per year = 460 000 tonnes LNG

= 6.3 million barrels LNG

= 0.2 Tcf (gas)

= 0.6 mrd m³ (gas)

= 500 000 tonnes oil

= 560 000 tonnes oil

= 24 trillion Btu

= 870 000 tonnes coal

per day = 65 million ft³ gas

= 14 700 barrels LPG (r)

= 15 900 barrels LPG (p)

= 17 200 barrels LNG

= 11 200 barrels oil

m³ = kilolitre

LPG & Ethane: Weight, Volume, Heat Conversions

Ethane Propane n-Butane C3/C4 mix

Barrels Per Tonne

Pressured 17.6 12.4 10.8 11.6

Refrigerated 11.5 10.8 10.4 10.6

Cubic Metres Per Tonne

Pressured 2.80 1.97 1.71 1.84

Refrigerated 1.83 1.72 1.66 1.69

10⁶ Btu Per Barrel

Pressured 2.79 3.85 4.35 4.10

Refrigerated 4.27 4.41 4.49 4.45

10⁶ Btu Per Cubic Metre

Pressured 17.6 24.2 27.4 25.8

Refrigerated 26.9 27.7 28.3 28.0

10⁶ Btu Per Tonne

Pressured 49.2 47.7 46.9 47.3

Refrigerated

1 Barrel/Day = Tonnes Per Annum

Pressured 20.7 29.4 33.8 31.6

Refrigerated 31.7 33.8 35.0 34.4

Natural Gas: Inter-Fuel Price Equivalents (US Currency)

ONE CENT per MMBtu

= 5.8 Cents per Barrel crude oil

= 6.4 Cents per Barrel fuel oil

= 5.2 Cents per Barrel naphtha

= 4.5 Cents per Barrel LPG (r)

= 4.1 Cents per Barrel LPG (P)

= 3.8 Cents per Barrel LNG

ONE CENT per MMBtu

= 0.42 Dollars per Tonne crude oil

= 0.40 Dollars per Tonne fuel oil

= 0.45 Dollars per Tonne naphtha

= 0.47 Dollars per Tonne LPG

= 0.52 Dollars per Tonne LNG

ONE DOLLAR per BARREL

= 17 Cents per MMBtu crude oil

= 16 Cents per MMBtu fuel oil

= 19 Cents per MMBtu naphtha

= 22 Cents per MMBtu LPG (r)

= 24 Cents per MMBtu LPG (p)

= 26 Cents per MMBtu LNG

ONE DOLLAR per TONNE

= 2.4 Cents per MMBtu crude oil

= 2.5 Cents per MMBtu fuel oil

= 2.2 Cents per MMBtu naphtha

= 2.1 Cents per MMBtu LPG

= 1.9 Cents per MMBtu LNG

ONE CENT per US gallon LPG = 10 CENTS per MMBtu

Oil and Coal Equivalent

1 million tonnes Oil per Year

per year = 1.1 mrd m³ gas (1.3 mrd Groningen)

= 1.5 million tonnes coal

= 815 000 tonnes LNG

= 890 000 tonnes LPG

= 0.04 Tcf gas (42 trillion Btu)

per day = 115 million ft³ gas

= 3 million m³ gas

= 30 500 barrels LNG

= 26 000 barrels LPG (r)

= 28 300 barrels LPG (p)

= 20 000 barrels oil

1 million tonnes Coal per Year

per year = 0.7 mrd m³ gas (0.8 mrd Groningen)

= 640 000 tonnes oil

= 525 000 tonnes LNG

= 580 000 tonnes LPG

= 0.03 Tcf gas (27 trillion Btu)

per day = 75 million ft³ gas

= 2 million m³ gas

= 19 700 barrels LNG

= 16 800 barrels LPG (r)

= 18 200 barrels LPG (p)

= 12 900 barrels oil

10 000 barrels Oil per Day

per year = 0.6 mrd m³ gas

= 500 000 tonnes oil

= 780 000 tonnes coal

= 0.02 Tcf gas (21 trillion Btu)

per day = 58 million ft³ gas

= 1.5 million m³ gas

Rich Gas = natural gas having a gross calorific value of 41,868 kJ/m³.

This term is used particularly for the natural gas from the North Sea and from Algeria.

Degree-days = the number of degree-days of a day is calculated on the basis of a reference temperature set by experience at 16.5 C; it gives the difference between that reference temperature and the daily mean temperature

if the latter is the lower.

The number of degree-days of a year is the sum of the degree-days registered for each day of that year.

G-factor = invoicing factor representing the average monthly cost of natural gas at the Belgian border in francs per gigajoule.

1GJ 1Gcal 10-6 Btu 1toe 1kWh 1m³

1GJ 1 0.239 0.948 0.024 277.778 23.884

1Gcal 4.186 1 3.967 0.1 1,163 100

10-6 Btu 1.055 0.252 1 0.025 293.1 25.2

1toe 41.855 10 39.671 1 11,626 1,000

1kWh 3.600 10-3 0.860 10-3 3.421 10-3 0.083 10-3 1 86.011 10-3

1m³ rich ga 0.042 0.010 0.040 0.001 11.626 1

gigajoule giga British ton oil kilowatt

calorie thermal equivalent - hour

unit